Aluvihara Rock Cave Temple

Discover the Aluvihara Rock Cave Temple, a treasure trove of Buddhist heritage nestled in the heart of Sri Lanka’s Matale district. More than just a picturesque destination, Aluvihara holds a pivotal place in Buddhist history as the site where the Pali Canon, the foundational scriptures of Theravada Buddhism, was first committed to writing. Embark on a journey through time and explore this ancient sanctuary, surrounded by stunning natural beauty and steeped in spiritual significance.

A Cradle of Buddhist Scripture:

The history of Aluvihara Rock Cave Temple dates back to the 3rd Century B.C., during the reign of King Devanampiyatissa. However, its most significant claim to fame arose in the 1st Century BC. It was during the reign of King Walagamba, amidst a period of famine and foreign invasions, that a council of 500 learned monks convened at Aluvihara to undertake the monumental task of transcribing the complete Pali Canon onto ola (palm) leaves. Before this crucial event, the teachings of Buddha were preserved and transmitted orally through generations of monks. Recognizing the fragility of this oral tradition during challenging times, the decision to document the scriptures in written form at Aluvihara marked a turning point in Buddhist history, ensuring the survival and spread of Theravada Buddhism for centuries to come. This makes Aluvihara a truly sacred site for Buddhists worldwide.

The Aluvihara Rock Cave Temple complex is seamlessly integrated into its natural environment, with numerous monastery caves nestled amongst impressive rock formations and verdant hills. While the exact number of caves varies in accounts, the complex houses many spaces that served as meditation chambers and shrines for monks over centuries.

Key caves within the complex feature:

• Reclining Buddha Statues: The main cave boasts a large reclining Buddha statue, accompanied by standing and seated Buddha images. Another cave also has a reclining Buddha at its entrance.
• Terrifying Murals of Hell: One notable cave is adorned with vivid and often graphic murals depicting the Buddhist concept of hell, serving as a powerful reminder of karmic consequences.
• Cave Dedicated to Buddhagosa: A cave is dedicated to the revered Indian scholar Buddhagosa, who is known for his significant contributions to the interpretation of the Pali Canon.
• Library: The temple also houses a library with a collection of antique Buddhist statues and other archaeological artifacts.

The entrance to the temple complex features a traditional Pandal, leading to stone steps that wind through the rock, connecting the different cave levels. A spiral stone staircase leads to the summit of one of the rock caves, where a sacred Bo Tree shelters an image house.

Artistic and Cultural Significance:

The caves of Aluvihare showcase a fascinating blend of artistic styles. While some murals and ceiling paintings are relatively modern, ancient inscriptions also mark the temple’s long history. Many caves feature vibrant frescoes depicting scenes from the life of Buddha and the Jataka tales, stories of the Buddha’s previous lives. The ceilings of some caves are adorned with exquisite paintings from the Kandyan period. The temple also houses a collection of Buddha statues crafted from various materials, some gifted by Buddhist countries like Thailand, Cambodia, China, Japan, and Myanmar, highlighting Aluvihare’s international connections.

A Place of Serenity and Reflection:

Beyond its historical and artistic importance, Aluvihare offers a tranquil and spiritual atmosphere. Surrounded by picturesque hills and unique rock formations, the temple provides a serene escape for contemplation and spiritual practice. Climbing to the stupa at the summit of the rock offers panoramic views of the surrounding valley, enhancing the sense of peace and perspective.

Planning Your Visit to Aluvihare:

Located in Aluvihare, Matale District, approximately 30 kilometers north of Kandy on the Matale-Dambulla road, the temple is easily accessible.

Essential Information:

• Location: Aluvihare, Matale District, Central Province, Sri Lanka.
• Opening Hours: Generally from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM or 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (verify beforehand) .
• Entrance Fee: Typically LKR 250 for tourists (check current fees).
• Dress Code: Modest attire is required. Shoulders and knees should be covered. Remove shoes and hats before entering the temple premises.

Exploring the Surroundings:

The Matale region offers a variety of attractions to complement your visit to Aluvihare. Consider exploring:

• Sri Muthumariamman Temple: A vibrant Hindu temple in Matale .
• Spice Gardens: Discover the aromatic world of Sri Lankan spices.
• Sembuwatta Lake: A serene artificial lake nestled within a tea plantation.
• Nalanda Gedige: An ancient stone temple with unique architecture.
• Knuckles Mountain Range: A UNESCO World Heritage Site for nature enthusiasts.
• Riverston Peak: Offering panoramic views.
• Bambarakiri Ella Waterfall: A beautiful cascade.
• Wasgamuwa National Park: For wildlife encounters.
• Dambulla Cave Temple: Another significant rock cave temple complex.
• Sigiriya Rock Fortress: An iconic historical site.

A visit to the Aluvihare Rock Cave Temple is an enriching experience that combines history, spirituality, and natural beauty. As the birthplace of the written Pali Canon and a sanctuary adorned with captivating art, Aluvihare offers a profound glimpse into Sri Lanka’s rich cultural and religious heritage. Add this remarkable destination to your itinerary and uncover the timeless wonders of Aluvihara.