Dambulla Cave Temple (Golden Temple of Dambulla)

Nestled in the heart of Sri Lanka, the Dambulla Cave Temple, also known as the Golden Temple of Dambulla, is a breathtaking UNESCO World Heritage Site that should be on every traveler’s list. This ancient rock cave complex is the largest and best-preserved of its kind in the country, offering a mesmerizing glimpse into Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist art and history. 

Why Visit the Dambulla Cave Temple?

Imagine stepping into five distinct caves, each transformed into a sacred sanctuary adorned with vibrant murals and a remarkable collection of 157 statues, primarily of Buddha. The sheer scale and artistry within these caves are awe-inspiring, showcasing centuries of Sinhalese craftsmanship. From colossal reclining Buddhas to intricate ceiling paintings covering 2,100 square meters, every corner tells a story of faith and devotion. Beyond the artistic marvel, the temple’s location atop a 160-meter rock offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding plains, including the distant Sigiriya Rock Fortress, just 15 kilometers away.  

A Journey Through Time

The history of the Dambulla Cave Temple stretches back over 22 centuries, with evidence of prehistoric human habitation in the area around 2700 years ago. The temple complex itself dates back to the 1st century BCE, when King Valagamba (also known as Vattagamini Abhaya) sought refuge in these caves for about 14 years following a South Indian invasion. Upon reclaiming his throne, the king, in gratitude, converted the caves into Buddhist temples. Over the centuries, various Sri Lankan kings, including Vijayabahu I and Keerthi Sri Nissankamalla, continued to embellish the temple. Notably, during the Kandyan Kingdom in the 18th century, under King Kirti Sri Rajasinha, the caves underwent significant restoration and were repainted in the distinctive Kandyan style.

Exploring the Five Sacred Caves

Each of the five main caves, carved out of the rock face, offers a unique experience :

• Devaraja Vihara (Cave 1): Known as the “Cave of the Divine King,” it features a remarkable 14-meter-long reclining Buddha statue carved from the rock. A 1st-century Brahmi inscription above the entrance recounts the monastery’s founding.
• Maharaja Vihara (Cave 2): The “Cave of the Great Kings,” the largest of the five, houses over 50 Buddha statues, including seated and standing figures, along with statues of King Vattagamani and King Nissankamalla. This cave also features vibrant 18th-century murals depicting the Buddha’s life.
• Maha Alut Vihara (Cave 3): The “Great New Monastery,” believed to have been largely created during King Kirti Sri Rajasinha’s reign, contains around 50 Buddha statues and Kandyan-style murals. A 30-foot reclining Buddha statue is a prominent feature.
• Pachima Vihara (Cave 4): Meaning the “Western Cave,” this smaller cavern houses approximately 10 Buddha statues and a dagoba called the Soma Chetiya. Its walls are adorned with murals reflecting the Kandyan painting style.
• Devana Alut Vihara (Cave 5): The “Second New Temple,” the most recent addition, features a 10-meter reclining Buddha statue and paintings of Hindu deities. Unlike the other caves, the statues here are made of brick and plaster.

Planning Your Visit to the Golden Temple

• Opening Hours: Generally 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM daily. The ticket counter may close earlier, around 5:00 PM or 6:00 PM.
• Entrance Fee: Approximately $10-$15 USD or LKR 1500-2000 for foreign adults.
• Dress Code: Modest attire is essential. Shoulders and knees must be covered for both genders. No shorts or sleeveless tops. Hats should be removed inside.
• Need to Remove Shoes: Yes, before entering the cave complex.
• Climb: Prepare for a climb of around 300-370 steps to reach the temple terrace, taking approximately 10-20 minutes.

Best Time to Visit

The dry season, from December to April, offers the most comfortable weather for visiting Dambulla. Visiting early in the morning (7:00 AM – 9:00 AM) or late afternoon (4:00 PM – 6:00 PM) helps avoid the midday heat and the largest crowds.

A Must-See Destination in Sri Lanka

The Dambulla Cave Temple is a treasure trove of art, history, and spirituality, offering a profound experience for all who visit. Its well-preserved murals and statues, coupled with its rich historical and religious significance, make it an essential stop on any Sri Lankan itinerary.